In the monograph, the author reviews and analyzes conventio0nal security issues in the Arctic – those which are not part of the global military-strategic activities of Russia and the US. The general assessment of the military-political landscape in the region if followed by a more detailed analysis of assessments, current and projected military build-up and military activities of the Arctic coastal states – the US, Canada, Denmark, Norway and Russia. Particular attention is paid to eventual changes in these activities beginning from 2014. Apart from conventional military capabilities, the monograph reviews the activities and intergovernmental cooperation aimed at responding to non-military security challenges, including maritime safety and environmental security, against the background of increasing economic activities in the region. Based on the review and analysis of intensive factual materials, the monograph concludes by establishing that the danger of an arms race in the Arctic remains low in the short- and medium term.