The South Caucasus traditionally played an important role in regional geopolitics. Its special geographical position at the crossroads of Asia, Europe and the Middle East has predetermined interest in this region from neighboring and other states. The South Caucasus acquired special signifi cance in the post-Soviet period, when signifi cant oil and gas fi elds were discovered in Azerbaijan and Central Asian countries. Azerbaijan and Georgia have also become important transports of hydrocarbons to Turkey and Europe. Today we can talk about the revival of the ancient silk road from China and India to Europe. The development of the region is hampered by regional confl icts, the main of which is the Nagorno-Karabakh confl ict.Russia is trying to act independently and within the framework of the OSCE Minsk group as a mediator in the settlement of this confl ict and stands for its peaceful solution. A negative point is the militarization of the region, the arms race and the closed borders of Turkey and Azerbaijan with Armenia, Georgia with Abkhazia and South Ossetia.The Russian Federation is also concerned about the growing military presence of NATO in Georgia and Azerbaijan, in the Black sea area. It is in the interests of the entire international community to resolve regional confl icts peacefully and fairly and to make the South Caucasus a demilitarized zone. Great prospects are opening up in the construction of new gas and oil pipelines from Central Asia and Iran along the Caspian sea to Azerbaijan and further to the EU countries. This is facilitated by the agreement of e Caspian States on the division of spheres of infl uence in the Caspian sea and the procedure for the joint use of its waters and natural resources.Trade and economic integration of the South Caucasus countries, development of communications and infrastructure meet the interests of all States of the region and can give a certain impetus to the development of the world economy.The resolution of regional confl icts could also contribute to a more active fight in the South Caucasus against international terrorism and drug traffi cking.The South Caucasus could also become a health resort and a resort of world importance, there is a unique nature, fl ora and fauna.