After the 20th CPC National Congress, China adapted its foreign policy to new challenges. The paper analyses the outcomes of the CPC Central Committee Meeting on Foreign Policy Work in 2023. The paper considers new interpretations of the priorities of the country’s foreign policy: a new formulation of ‘equitable orderly multipolarity’ pointing to the equality of big and small countries, opposing hegemonism and power politics, and promoting the democratization of international relations. China argues that its foreign policy strategy will neither lead to the disintegration of the world community into few ‘poles’ of major powers nor to the destabilization of global governance. The Global Civilization Initiative announced by Xi Jinping aims to create a broad inclusive dialogue for overcoming the universalist claims of the West. In 2023, the concept of the ‘Global South’ was officially recognized at the official level, and China declared itself a ‘natural member’ rather than an external player. However, it is an open question to what extent the countries of the ‘Global South’ are ready to accept this interpretation. The prospects for interaction between China and these countries depend on the ability of the parties to identify and recognize common development goals. The Russian academic community faces the task of correctly positioning the innovations of China’s foreign policy strategy on the basis of knowledge of the conceptual language of Chinese diplomacy in the interests of expanding cooperation between two countries.