The book is based on the results of the international conference - Challenges to Security in Central Asia, organized by the Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of sciences (IMEMO RAN) and Foundation for Prospective Studies and Initiatives (PSIF) with the support of the Fund For the Support of Public Diplomacy by A. Gorchakov and Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES in the RF) in the end of November, 2012. Leading experts from Russia, Central Asia states, China, India, Germany, France, Spain, Poland and USA took part in it. During the conference global, regional and national political, economic and military factors and aspects of the security situation in Central Asia were analyzed with a special focus on the role of key actors in the region. The discussion revealed difference in the estimations of the development of the situation in the region. Still, the common opinion is, that the sustainable stabilization in the region demands coordination of the efforts of the leading global actors, as well as of the Central Asia states themselves. The book consists of three parts: analytical report ? Challenges to Security in Central Asia, proceedings of the conference and the theses, prepared by experts-participants of the conference.