The collected articles contribute to the discussion about applying multidisciplinary methods for revealing high-priority scientific research fields and formulating scientific, technological and innovation policy goals. The articles represent two major lines of research: empirical analysis of the major trends of the governmental scientific and innovation policy and quantitative methods based on big data analysis for the scientific sector development research. The publication contains works, presented at the conference "Science and Technology: demand and supply" (April 2015, IMEMO RAN, Moscow; the conference was funded by Russian Foundation of Fundamental Research, project No. 14-29-05090). The publication is addressed to the experts doing research on science, technology and innovation policies, and to the government officials responsible for the formulation of Russia's priorities in science and technology development and its implementation.