The internal Syrian conflict, which has been ongoing since the beginning of the Arab Spring, led to the victory of the Turkish proxies and other Islamist allies in late 2024. The article analyzes the main aspects of current Turkey’s expansion in Syria, which was once part of the Ottoman Empire. The primary focus of the Turkish intervention was against the Syrian Kurds, as Ankara aimed to eliminate them in order to defeat the Kurdish movement in Turkey. In Syria, the Kurds have ruled their communities basing on the concept of “democratic confederalism” by Abdullah Öcalan, which does not align with either the Syrian or Turkish constitution. Following the self-dissolution of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party, the Syrian Kurds were forced to enter into an agreement with the new Islamist authorities, who promised to grant them “constitutional rights”. The future of the Syrian situation, Turkey’s role, and the fate of the Syrian Kurds remains uncertain.