The ongoing US-Sino competition is leading to the development of technological ecosystems based on standards, including 5G technologies. Post-Soviet countries are on the path to developing advanced technologies and, in this regard, act as a space of competition for technological powers. Transfer of 5G technology in the post-Soviet space involves a number of factors, including political influence, the level of economic development and the influence of telecommunication companies. This article is aimed to identify the impact of factors on the transfer of 5G technologies in the post-Soviet space. To address the issue of technology transfer, the authors use the theory of K. Krause, which describes arms transfer as a hierarchical system of interstate. Investigating the correlation between factors and technology transfer in the region, the authors take into consideration several factors: states’ participation in the US or China political initiative, the economic development of the countries and telecommunication market. In the result, the authors conclude that 5G technologies serve as a tool for the formation of technological ecosystems in the post-Soviet space. In the region, the dividing lines of US-Sino technological competition can be clearly seen, indicating the development of technological ecosystems. In the case of the considered factors, the most influential is political one. In addition, a special role is played by telecommunication companies, which act as agents of US or China policy in the region.