The article observes the structure and dynamics of trade between the Republic of Korea and Central Asia from 2000 to 2019. The existing trade turnover is imbalanced with an outdated trade structure, as South Korean exports of manufactured goods dominate in mutual trade flows, whereas Central Asia mainly exports primary commodities and raw materials. Low involvement of Central Asian republics in global value chains is the main cause of existing inefficient trade and it also significantly hiders the development of investment cooperation. The implementation of reforms by Central Asian countries will contribute to the development of other areas of trade and economic relations, as well as promote the diversification of trade structure with South Korea.