The energy transition in Europe is a large-scale process of transformation of energy systems towards sustainability, decarbonization and increased energy independence. At the center of this process is the abandonment of fossil fuels and nuclear energy (for some countries, for example, Germany) in favor of renewable energy sources (RES), such as solar and wind generation. The main goals of the energy transition include achieving climate neutrality by 2050, a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (by 55% by 2030 compared to 1990), as well as the development of a decentralized, digital and sustainable energy infrastructure. The successful implementation of the energy transition is impossible without the development of energy storage technologies, modernization of power grids, digitalization and the participation of end users in energy management. Energy storage systems (EES) play a key role in Europe's energy transition, ensuring the flexibility and sustainability of an energy system with a high proportion of renewable energy sources (RES). This article presents the results of an analysis of the current state, technological features of energy storage systems, as well as related challenges and policy initiatives in the field of European energy transition.