Over the last decade Russia has significantly strengthened its position as an exporter of foreign investment: the country consistently ranks among the top ten exporters of capital. There have been qualitative and quantitative changes in the nature of Russian investment expansion overseas. Most Russian leading companies have set up foreign subsidiaries. Moreover, more than ten Russian companies have become multinationals. Internationalization of these companies results in a certain transformation of their nature both abroad and in the motherland. The article demonstrates Russia’s changing role in export of investment. The study is concerned with the main modern characteristics of Russian leading multinationals including their social responsibility.