Despite obvious successes in the political sphere, the quality of Russian-Chinese trade and economic cooperation remains at a relatively low level. With a general increase in bilateral trade, Russia is assigned the status of a supplier of natural resources, while China is becoming a major supplier of high-tech products. Russia accounts for the minimum, with a downward trend, the volume of Chinese direct investment. The formation of joint value chains is practically not carried out. A serious obstacle to the intensification of Russian-Chinese trade and economic cooperation among others is the contradiction between Russian and Chinese strategies for socio-economic development.