This article is devoted to the historical retrospective and the current state of religion and politics in the Republic of Moldova. The main task that the authors set for themselves is to show how the changing architecture of domestic and foreign policy of modern Moldova has influenced and is influencing the religious component of Moldovan society, how the change of power in the republic has influenced and is influencing the role and importance of the Orthodox Church in the country. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the spiritual discourse of Moldovan society and the political preferences of the authorities of the republic after 1991 and especially at the present stage, how all these contradictions affect the state and development of Moldova as an independent state as a whole. Particular attention is paid to the split that was and is taking place between the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) and its metropolis represented by the Moldovan Orthodox Church (MOC) on the one hand, and the Romanian Orthodox Church (RO-MOC) and its metropolis, which is the Bessarabian Orthodox Church (BOC), on the other. It also shows the political background of this confrontation - the problem of the Moldovan people's choice of historical and cultural self-identification between Russia, the adherents of which is the majority of the country's population, and the West represented by the European Union and Romania, which represents its interests. The authors paid special attention to the processes of this aspect, which take place at the present stage, in the 2020s, after M. Sandu, a Romanian citizen, came to power and began an unprecedented pressure and persecution of the ROC, which is accompanied by the closure of churches, parishes, persecution of believers and priests close to the ROC. As a result, the article draws the main conclusion that the historical prospects of Orthodoxy and the Moldovan nation will be determined not only by the global changes taking place in the world and the internal political situation in Moldova, but also by the historical choice of its citizens in favor of integration with the European Union with its extra-national liberal values, or in favor of independent development on the basis of its own cultural and historical heritage.