The article is devoted to what the authors call the Chinese World Project (CWP) partially based on the concept of Silk Road Economic Belt and Twenty First Century Maritime Silk Road. China makes a transition from adaptation to the global economy. China develops in accordance with the Chinese program “go global”. Constructive initiatives of China under the “one belt one road” concept are aimed at mobilizing finance for infrastructure developments of the entire Euro-Asian space. These initiatives are catalyzed by issues of energy security and the needs of the Western regions of China. The paper also focuses on China’s efforts in financing “one belt one road” projects by new investment vehicles including new banks and development funds. Geopolitical rationale of the CWP is analyzed, which objectively increases the importance of Russia. Given the continuing instability in the Middle East and the Caucasus, transport arteries on the territory of Russia are of paramount importance. In this context, Russia must address the issue of identifying its own place and role in the Chinese project.