This article analyzes the infrastructure modernization program, initiated by the Trump administration, draws conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the planned stimulus measures, evaluates the degree of their influence on the competitiveness of the transport, energy, innovation and other sectors of the American economy. It is stated that the developed infrastructure is one of the most important competitive advantages of the United States, but in recent decades it has gradually degraded, due partly to underfunding. The main challenge is not the high depreciation of infrastructure, but its inadequacy for the challenges of the twenty-first century. This problem has an important political dimension, compromising the idea claimed by Trump of restoring the sole leadership of the United States. Further delay in the adoption of emergency measures may result in significant losses to the American economy and to the prestige of the Nation. The President announced his intention to turn the United States into a country with "the world's most advanced" infrastructure, which should work to strengthen the country's competitiveness. His main hopes for attracting necessary financing are for mobilization of private capital. The focus in decision making is shifted to the states. Another important specific of the Trump program is its focus on the elimination of the administrative barriers impeding the realization of infrastructure projects.