The present high level of HDI in particular in education was achieved by this country for the years of its democratic transformation and a series of the profound education reforms. If earlier the main factor of the country’s economic development was the growth of its population with the dominant labor force of initial education level, by now the most representative group has become the people with secondary and higher education. Despite its achievements Spanish education system is still relatively weak and has a number of serious deficiencies in comparison with the leading OECD countries. Without further education reforms Spain won’t be able to change its economic model, increase its labor force quality and to continue moving ahead on the way to social progress.