Currently, the socio-economic development of the leading countries, which are developing today in the paradigm of the capitalist industrial system, is undergoing a structural crisis. At the same time, global environmental problems are seriously rising, meanwhile electricity consumption is rapidly increasing, which in traditional modern paradigm means an increase in demand for non-renewable energy sources. Japan in this situation is no exception. Moreover, the structural crisis of the existing economic structure has manifested itself in Japan since 1991, when the so-called "Bubble crisis" occurred, after which the country could not return to sustainable economic growth during its industrial heyday Today, Western countries and Japan see "energy transition" as a comprehensive solution to these problems, to this end, measures are being developed for the transition to renewable energy sources (RES), including hydrogen fuel, which in the future can become the most important resource for a successful transition to the digital age. The main document that today regulates the strategy of Japan's energy transition is the "Basic Energy Plan" of 2003, the latest 5th addition of which was adopted in 2018. The main goal of the strategy is to significantly reduce hydrocarbon emissions into the atmosphere. The document presents a roadmap for the country's gradual movement towards achieving carbon neutrality and contains development recommendations until 2030 and 2050. Another important document is the "Green Growth Strategy through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in2050" (2020). This article aims to identify the main factors, as well as to analyze the perspectives for Japan's energy transition in the short term.