In the article, the author draws attention to the problem of shortage of engineering personnel, which is currently manifested in the labor markets of most developed countries, including Russia. In historical retrospect, the causes and prerequisites of the emerging imbalances are analyzed, their socio-economic effects and their impact on the development of states in the present are evaluated. Special attention is paid to the state of the field of engineering personnel training in Russia. The problem of technological sovereignty is considered as one of the basic determinants of socio-economic development. For the analysis, the author uses tools and methods of system analysis, examines regulatory legal documents, projects and programs of technological development in Russia. Separately, the initiatives implemented within the framework of domestic Russian policy aimed at reviving domestic engineering schools are considered, key legislative innovations in the field of public development management in the context under consideration are discussed. The conclusion is made about the formation of a multi-contour system of education and training of engineering personnel in Russia, designed to ensure the implementation of the tasks of achieving technological sovereignty in key areas for the development of society and the state.