Gronsky Alexander
Byelorussia`s Relations with the European Union and the United States (1992-2018): from Distancing to Drift to the West
Publication Type:
Rubric:


DOI: 10.23932/2542-0240-2019-12-2-71-97

The article examines the development of relations between Byelorussia and the European Union and the United States of America in 1992-2018. Since the mid-90s the Byelorussian political situation has been criticized by the West. The West imposed sanctions against Byelorussia to force the country to comply with its requirements. In response, Byelorussia began to strengthen integration ties with Russia. To counteract the Russian-Byelorussian rapprochement the European Union began to offer Byelorussia opportunities for integration into Europe. In 2009, Byelorussia became a member of the Eastern partnership. That organization was aimed to act against Russia. The European Union realized that the Byelorussian regime wanted Byelorussia to look like a European country. After the Crimea separation from Ukraine and its accession to Russia, the Byelorussian opposition and government were afraid of Russia capturing Byelorussia, although Russia did not give rise to such fears. The European Union began to cooperate more closely with the official Minsk, not paying attention to the violation of human rights and the presence of political prisoners in Byelorussia. In 2017, Byelorussia voted against Russia in the session of the OSCE parliamentary Assembly. Almost all sanctions were lifted. The United States of America also started treating Byelorussia neutrally, but in mid-90s they imposed sanctions against it. The US were more consistent in the application of sanctions. In 2008, Byelorussia demanded the American Ambassador to leave Minsk. But soon the US and Byelorussia began to look for closer contacts. After 2014, the Americans began to support the anti-Russian phobias of the Byelorussian elite. In 2018, Byelorussia was declared a reliable Bastion against Russian neo-imperialism country. Today Byelorussia seeks to expand contacts with the West to be able to distance itself from Russia. Maneuvering between the West and Russia is necessary for the Byelorussian President to maintain his power.


Keywords: Byelorussia | USA | European Union | sanctions | Eastern Partnership | integration | Alexander Lukashenko | Vladimir Makei |

Russian Science Citation Index



OTHER PUBLICATIONS ON THIS TOPIC

Gronsky Alexander
Александр Солженицын глазами белорусской публицистики [Текст] / А. Д. Гронский // Тетради по консерватизму. – 2019. – № 1. – С. 169-178. DOI: 10.24030/24092517-2019-0-1-169-178.

Frumkin Boris
Общая сельскохозяйственная и рыболовная политика(декабрь 2021 - февраль 2022) // Европейский Союз: факты и комментарии : электронное издание. 2022. № 107. С. 39-47. DOI 10.15211/eufacts120223947. URL: http://www.edc-aes.ru/data/edcaes/content/user_files/files/107.pdf. Дата публикации: март 2022.

Gronsky Alexander
The reaction of the left-wing parliamentary parties (Just Russia and the Communist party) to the Byelorussian post-election protests in august 2020

Rashkovskii Evgeniy
Владимир Соловьёв и Александр Мень в динамике истории российской / Е.Б. Рашковский // Соловьёвские исследования. – 2011. – № 30. – С. 33–44.

Vasil'ev Victor
Европейский путь Молдовы: иллюзии и действительность [Текст] / В.И. Васильев // Анализ и прогноз. Журнал ИМЭМО РАН. – 2019. – № 3. – С. 59-72. DOI: 10.20542/afij-2019-3-59-72.

Gudimenko Dmitry
Национализм в Белоруссии: двуликий Янус // Вопросы национальных и федеративных отношений. 2020. Т. 10, № 11 (68). С. 2649-2659. DOI 10.35775/PSI.2020.68.11.01.

Sidorova Elena
The European Union in combating the Crisis / Russia and the European Union in World Politics: Proceedings of International Conferences. Ed. by M.L.Entin. Moscow, Grif &Co. 2011. Iss. 10. P. 285-293.

Frumkin Boris
Общая сельскохозяйственная и рыболовная политика, декабрь 2018 г. - февраль 2019 г. [Текст] / Б. Е. Фрумкин // Европейский союз: факты и комментарии. – 2019. – № 95. – С. 26-30.

Frumkin Boris
Заседания Европейского совета (саммиты) декабрь 2020 - февраль 2021 г. // Европейский союз: факты и комментарии : электронное издание. 2021. № 103. С. 5-15. DOI 10.15211/eufacts1202105015. URL: http://www.edc-aes.ru/data/edcaes/content/user_files/files/103.pdf. Дата публикации: март 2021.

Strezhneva Marina
Институты, культура и (дез)интеграция: сопоставление Европейского Союза и постсоветского опыта. 12 а.л.

Sidorova Elena
European Union (co-author – Andrzej A. Habarta). Chapter in a monograph, pp. 487–519: Prospects for Economic Globalization / Ed. by A.S. Bulatov. Moscow, Knorus, 2019. – 666 pp.

Frumkin Boris
Заседания Eвропейского совета (саммиты), сентябрь-декабрь 2018 г. [Текст] / Б. Е. Фрумкин // Европейский союз: факты и комментарии. – 2019. – № 94. – С. 5-12.

Frumkin Boris
Заседания Европейского совета (саммиты), октябрь-декабрь 2017 г. [Текст] / Б. Е. Фрумкин // Европейский союз: факты и комментарии.Электронное издание. – 2018. – № 90. – С. 7-12.

Barinov Igor
Белоруссия в тисках памяти: историческое наследие и национальная государственность [Текст] / И. И. Баринов // История и современность. – 2019. – № 2. – С. 107-123. DOI: 10.30884/iis/2019.02.05.

Frumkin Boris
Заседания Европейского совета (саммиты), март - май 2019 г. [Текст] / Б. Е. Фрумкин // Европейский союз: факты и комментарии. – 2019. – № 96. – С. 5-9.

Frumkin Boris
Заседания Европейского совета (саммиты), июнь-август 2019 г. [Текст] / Б. Е. Фрумкин // Европейский союз: факты и комментарии. – 2019. – № 97. – С. 5-9.

Frumkin Boris
Заседания Европейского совета (саммиты), март - май 2018 г. [Текст] / Б. Е. Фрумкин // Европейский союз: факты и комментарии. Электронное издание. – 2018. – № 92. – С. 8-12.

Frumkin Boris
Заседания Европейского совета (саммиты), январь - февраль 2018 г. [Текст] / Б. Е. Фрумкин // Европейский союз: факты и комментарии. Электронное издание. – 2018. – № 91. – С. 5-7.

Frumkin Boris
Заседания Европейского совета (саммиты), июнь-август 2018 г. [Текст] / Б. Е. Фрумкин // Европейский союз: факты и комментарии. Электронное издание. – 2018. – № 93. – С. 13-18.

Strezhneva Marina
Multi-level Financial Governance in the European Union
Related publications


Comments (0)

No comments

Add comment







First news
Institute News
10/06/2022

The next issue of the journal ME & MO (No. 6, 2022), which opens with a panoramic article by V. Mikheev and S. Lukonin, has been published. The authors dedicated it to China on the eve of the 20th CPC Congress. In the economic block of the magazine special attention is paid to digital currencies.

more...

09/06/2022

An article by Marina Klinova «The State and Energy Security in the World and Europe as a Public Good» was published in the June issue of the journal «Voprosy Ekonomiki» ("Economic Issues") under the heading "International Economics" (in Russian).

more...

Recently Published