The article examines key aspects of the energy transition in the UAE and Saudi Arabia, and how these countries are adapting to changing global market conditions. Despite their status as the world's largest oil exporters, Saudi Arabia and the UAE are implementing ambitious strategies within the framework of the Paris Agreement to diversify their energy sectors. The main focus is on the development of new renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which is in line with global climate initiatives. The article analyzes the current achievements of both countries, including the growth of installed capacity of renewable energy sources, and identifies key challenges, such as geopolitical risks, high dependence on fossil fuels, as well as administrative and technical barriers.