The subject of this article is a forecast of the processes of change in the world order in the period 2020-2040. The aim of the work is to identify and analyze the most likely scenarios for the destabilization of the old world order and the formation of a new one. The research methodology includes the use of cyclical wave and world-system approaches as well as comparative political analysis. The scope of application of the results is the analysis and forecasting of changes in the world order, the impact of these changes on the system of international relations, on the development of Russia and Western countries. The literature on the problems of changing the world order has been reviewed. The main scenarios of destabilization and changes in the world order have been identified, key challenges to international security have been characterized, and preliminary recommendations for countering internal destabilization in the Russian Federation have been developed. Special attention has been paid to identifying the risks associated with processes of destabilization and rapid nonlinear transformation of the world order. The results of the study can be used in recommendations to the government bodies of the Russian Federation, as well as in the development of training courses in political science and international relations. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the identification of the main security challenges for Russia in the context of the ongoing changes in the world order and in the developing of possible ways to counteract internal socio-political destabilization on the territory of the Russian Federation.