This study provides a detailed characterization of the main historical stages of the formation of relations between Moldova and Romania, the ethno-national identity of Moldovans, which significantly distinguishes them from Romanians and makes them a special ethnos. The article pays special attention to the fact that Transnistria, on whose territory the unrecognized Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (TMR) is located, has refused in principle to recognize the fact of identity with Romania since the late 1990s. The article pays attention to the historical aspect of relations between Moldova and Romania, in particular, to the fact that back in the XIX century Moldavians did not consider themselves Romanians, and Romania itself as a sovereign state on the political map of Eu-rope appeared much later than Moldova. Special attention is paid to the current state of development of Moldovan-Romanian relations during the presidency of M. Sandu. The analysis of the strategy of development of the country "Moldova-2030" is given, where the main directions of development of relations between Moldova and Romania at the present stage are highlighted, the growth of pro-Ro-manian sentiments in the cities of the country is characterized. It shows such an important tendency of Moldovan society development as preservation of pro-Romanian sentiments in a significant part of the elite and aspiration for closer integration with this neighboring country. In connection with this tendency, a general characteristic of the main directions of "Romanization" of Moldova is given, which is expressed in the spreading of the school course "History of Romanians", rooting in the men-tality of the urban population the ideas of pan-Romanianism, denial of Moldovanism as the basis of Moldovan identity, Romania's substantial support to various pro-Romanian NGOs in Moldova. The article also characterizes such an important tendency in the development of modern Moldovan society as its leadership by a Romanian citizen, who by her policy actually undermines the foundations of Moldovan identity. As a result, it is concluded that the very process of "Romanianization" of Moldova will have a negative impact both on its economy and, in general, on the social atmosphere in the society, will further strengthen the split, which is already taking place at present. Moldova has faced and is facing various problems on its territory, the most significant of which are the problems of Transnistria and Gagauzia, which, under the current leadership, the country will not be able to solve in the foreseeable future.