This essay reviews the works of a world-known political studies researcher, Inoguchi Takashi, on current Japanese politics and political science. Although political science emerged in the 20th century, its origin, according to Inoguchi, can be found in ancient philosophy conceptions of Greece, Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, or China. The key point emphasized by Inoguchi, is the deep distinction between Abrahamic and Dharmic traditions. The former can be associated with Christianity, Islam, and Judaism and focuses on standardization and unification, whereas the latter is associated with Buddhism, Hinduism, Daoism and Shintoism and focuses on embracing diversity and respecting differences. Hence appears Inoguchi’s central conclusion: “Neither Western political science, nor non-Western political science exists; there is political science of embracing and equilibrating two traditions - Abrahamic and Dharmic.