The collective monograph was prepared by Russian scientists as part of the project  «Nonproliferation issues», at Carnegie Moscow Center. The book features current nuclear challenges, reduction and nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, followed by an analysis of the problems at the interface of disarmament and nonproliferation - a ban on nuclear testing and the production of fissile materials, prevention of the militarization of space and the control of precision weapons. This volume enables a realistic understanding of international relations and security issues and it is an essential resource for policymakers and scholars worldwide.