The scientific and technological potential of China and the Chinese experience in R&D are undoubtedly of interest for Russia. In the article China'a success in these domains is demonstrated with the analysis of foreign trade statistics and a number of other indicators and processes. China has already come to the stage of transition towards a mature industrial society, it is an equal and independent participant in international technology transfer. At the same time the Chinese example odds with the concept of imminent elimination of the very concept of national economy in the global world.