Science diplomacy is a system of interactions aimed at providing intellectual support for foreign policy, establishing and strengthening international scientific and technical cooperation and maintaining constructive international dialogue through it in times of crisis. International scientific and technical cooperation includes joint research and development, exchange of scientific achievements and production experience, and training of qualified personnel. This article examines and distinguishes the content of science diplomacy and international scientific and technical cooperation within the framework of the BRICS association. The study was conducted using the content analysis method, the materials of which were the documents of the seventeen BRICS summits adopted from 2009 to 2025. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the organizational and substantive aspects of international scientific interactions within the association are intertwined.