The book contains the proceedings of the international conference held jointly by the IMEMO and the Moscow Representative Office of the Taipei-Moscow Economic and Cultural Coordination Commission in October 2002. A contradictory character of current Taiwan-China relations in political, economic and military-political spheres was a central preoccupation of the conference participants. At the same time, during the discussion, it was emphasized time and again that the importance of the problem goes far beyond the scope of bilateral relations between Taiwan and the People’s Republic of China and has a profound impact on the development of the international situation on the regional and even on the global level. Particular attention was given to the fact that Russia’s national interests are affected by the processes associated with China-Taiwan relations.