The last years have seen a notable strengthening of nexus between economic development and security which affects all dimensions of the latter (military, energy, environmental, scientific-technical etc.), and takes place on all levels (national, regional, international) against the background of a steady and dynamic progress toward innovation economy. This induces the scholars to take a different view on the economic component of military security that would consider both current and prospective economic, technological, and political constraints. This article raises two sets of questions: 1) the main systemic shifts in military-economic activity that lead to a change in paradigm of ensuring national security; 2) the key innovation-related parameters of this transformation.