The book systematically shows the basic facts, features, and international political conditions of development of the Russian Arctic. Opening possibilities and existing risks are assessed based on the analysis of the international regulatory mechanisms in the region, maritime delimitation, the definition of the continental shelf, diving regulations in Arctic waters, military activities and military development of the Arctic states, the US policy of NATO and the EU, regional cooperation. On the basis of established facts substantiated conclusion about a high level of legal certainty and predictability, as well as the absence of reasons for the conflict and the militarization of the Arctic.