The article deals with the history of the formation of research system of world and regional problems in China. The connection of the state scientific policy with the diplomatic and economic demands of China's development is shown. The initial impetus for the establishment of scientific structures was in need to develop state foreign policy towards developing countries. With the transition to the implementation of policies of reform and openness there was a demand for knowledge about them. The main activities of the scientific institutes within the Department of international studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences are characterized.