The book deals with a broad spectrum of problems related to labor motivation and incentives in the global economy. The author looks into the evolution and major problems of western motivation theories, as well as practices of labor motivation in the mechanism of labor management which is gradually growing into management through motivation. Using two national models of material incentives – the US and Japanese – the author analyzes the place and the role of material incentives in the concepts of motivation and labor management. Particular attention is given to the issue of labor motivation and incentives in Russia during the period of Perestroika and cardinal reforms. National peculiarities of the theoretical approaches to and the practices of labor motivation are studied in the context of international management and economy globalization.