Regional policy in countries, different in type and level of development, is considered in the monograph. Those countries are chosen for analysis, which experience to some extent is interesting to Russia. Such countries are Germany, Italy, Spain, the USA, the countries of Latin America, China and Morocco. Also a new stage of the EU regional policy is studied. The special attention is paid to such questions as reasons of regional policy, its legislative and organizational framework and instruments. The relationships between regional policy and other directions of economy state regulation including inter-budgetary relations, regional (territorial) planning and various terms of structural policy are considered. Features and role of decentralization processes in different countries are shown. Statistical data illustrating processes of regions convergence/divergence are provided for the analyzed countries. Problems of received results interpretation are considered.