The authors have studied the content of the concept of corporate citizenship, as well as the factors responsible for the introduction of its basic principles and norms into the practices of large companies, and the corporate sector as a whole. They have analyzed the main areas of social responsibility of business, the general context and the special features of the theory and practice of corporate social responsibility and corporate citizenship. Specific forms and methods of socially oriented business activities in different countries and in Russia have been considered. The analysis of the situation in Russia is based on the results of the field research carried out by the authors in the Perm Region. Particular attention has been given to the analysis of the relations between Business, the State and civil society, as well as the role of TNK in the promotion of socially responsible behavior, and the assessment of the impact of such behavior on economic efficiency and competitiveness.