The climate change and the average temperature increase, that have been observed on the planet in recent years, among other consequences, have led to problems and contradictions in trade and political relations among countries. The imperative to combat the global warming is already refl ected in the trade and foreign policies of states in the whole. The author of the proposed article considers two aspects of the problem. The fi rst one is the impact of the EU climate agenda on the evolution of trade and economic relations between Russia and the European Union. In this regard, the greatest concern for Russian exporters is the border carbon tax, which is to be fully enacted from January 2026. The second aspect is connected with the aggravation of trade and political contradictions between the US and the EU due to the "Green transition" and, in particular, Infl ation Reduction Act, adopted in the United States in August 2022.