In the post-war period economic relations between the United States and Japan were the subject of research by many economists due to their complexity, versatility, and sometimes contradictory nature. Such topics as export of technologies, bilateral intra-industry trade and trade in intermediate goods growth, the gradual internationalization of the economies of the United States and Japan, the fragmentation of production in East Asia, the development of value chains were studied in many works. One of the most productive are P. Krugman’s new trade theory as well as some other promising approaches and methods that provide an opportunity to study trade and investment relations between the United States and Japan in more depth.