In the monography one of the major stages of the struggle of Iraqi Kurds for their rights and freedom in critical for them the historical period is investigated: before and after overthrow of a dictatorship of Saddam Hussein. Leaders of Iraqi Kurds skillfully used favorably formed for them external and internal factors and have achieved for the region of the status of the subject of federation with the widest rights in the new Iraq. The monography shows us the possibility of a peaceful and equitable division of powers between the center and the region in the multiethnic and multi-religious state, gives us a positive example of a combination of two basic principles of the postwar World (the right of nations to self-determination and territorial integrity of states), which often contradict each other and lead to lengthy internal and regional conflicts.