The development of the Arctic zone of Russia is associated with the development of a transport system that provides not only the export of raw materials, but also the delivery of construction materials, equipment and cargo to support existing industries. In turn, investment projects for the development of natural resources determine the requirements for the development of the transport system. For the first time, a schematic diagram and a map of the transport system of the Arctic zone (rail, water and road transport), including the main communication routes and transport hubs, are presented. The main points of formation of the cargo base of mineral resources have been determined. The interdependence of the development of the transport system and the development of mineral resources of the Arctic zone is indicated. It was concluded that the development of transport infrastructure that solves production tasks allows, among other things, to improve the quality of life of the local population and the connectivity of the territories.