The monograph is a result of a two-year research project, realized by the author under support of the Russian President grant (MK-3466.2005.6). The book contains the analysis of foreign direct investments (FDI) in Russia and Russian investments abroad as the most important elements of the Russian economy internationalization. A new approach to the synthesis of competing concepts of FDI and transnational corporations (TNCs) is applied. The author’s theory of spatial development of TNCs is presented. Problems of transformation of Russian investment climate are studied. Various spatial expansion strategies of foreign TNCs in Russia and the influence of their FDI on the Russian economy are analyzed. The many-sided analysis of Russian TNCs expansion abroad is given, the typology of these TNCs is presented, and the scope of foreign assets of more than 50 Russian non-financial companies and banks is estimated. The role of TNCs in formation of the Russian internationalization pattern is examined.