Since the end of the 20th century Spanish companies from various sectors have become important actors in the global economy - especially in Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean region (LAC). As a result of liberalization of the Spanish market, privatization, several waves of investments and intensive economic development, Spanish multinationals such as Telefónica, Banco Santander, Repsol, Inditex, Iberdrola have acquired a systemic status: Spain has joined the top ten investors and recipients of foreign direct investment in the world. At the same time, the formation of Spanish multinationals was actively accompanied by state support for internationalization. Today Madrid pays special attention to economic diplomacy: small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as multinationals, are provided with economic and institutional support. The internationalization of Spanish companies has become one of the key drivers for overcoming the global financial crisis. The maneuvers of Spanish capital between European, North American and Latin American jurisdictions depending on the global economic situation have led to research interest in Russia to the analysis of institutional mechanisms of supporting Spanish business in the current worldwide turbulent conditions for goods and services’ markets.