The American government's policy in the area of space exploration is complex and multi-layered. It is based on a multi-step, meticulous process of coordinating various aspects of space policy between civilian and military committees and departments, the commercial sector, and the scientific community. It also takes into account the intricate relationship between political parties and different branches of government. In light of increasing geopolitical uncertainty and intensifying technological competition, which has a direct impact on activities in outer space, it is relevant to analyze the benefits and drawbacks of the American approach to space exploration. In this article, the author aims to examine the institutional aspects of the civil space policy in the United States considering the following factors: the authority of the President and his influence on setting the strategic foundations and priorities for national space policy, the organizational structure of relevant government agencies and ministries, the role of Congress in establishing priorities and funding and the American experience of public-private partnership in space exploration. This article does not focus on the institutional aspects of military departments and programs operation, but it does mention them in relation to their cooperation with civilian and commercial organizations.