The article aims to examine India’s international scientific and technical cooperation (ISTC) and its role in its national technological sovereignty. India has long claimed the status of a great power and, as a result, is striving to strengthen its positions in areas of strategic importance. Meanwhile, today, in terms of quality and volumetric characteristics, Indian achievements are significantly inferior to both the most developed countries and China, India’s key competitor. Against this contradictory background, an effective organization of international scientific and technological cooperation is becoming increasingly crucial to tap the country’s potential. In this regard, India tends to choose co-authors in scientifically and technologically advanced countries as well as to pursue a policy aimed at shaping the global scientific, technical, and innovation agenda in favor of its domestic socio-economic needs. With a view to reducing its excessive dependence on the leading economies in R&D, India attempts to expand the ISTC geography by establishing contacts with the BRICS countries. Given that amidst current political developments, India refused to stop the collaboration with our country even under the Western pressure, it is necessary for Russia to further deepen the dialogue.