The current issue of the ongoing publication World Development is based on materials from the International Conference of Young Scholars held on April 18–19, 2024, at IMEMO RAS. The focus is on the role of ideas and ideologies in international processes, as well as in the domestic politics and economies of various countries. The first section presents an overview of the current state of ideologies in different European countries. The second section is devoted to the study of non-Western ideologies and their alternative approaches to development. This publication is intended for researchers, university professors, postgraduate students, undergraduate students, and all those interested in current trends in the development of the world economy, politics, and international relations.