The monograph presents analysis of the problems associated with the financing of the military preparations of the world’s leading countries including Russia. The study covers a considerable period of time – from the early 1990s to the early 2010s. The paper presents a general picture of the major changes in approaches to the issues of economic support for military security under the influence of factors such as the end of the Cold War, abolition of the central conflict between the two main poles of the world and a sharp rise of the threat posed by international terrorism and the global financial and economic crisis in 2008. The monograph may be of interest to the experts who study national, regional and international security problems, development of military economy and strategy as well as to the wide spectrum of the readers interested in the problems of world economy and international relations.