The article examines the evolution of the concept of economic sovereignty and the key areas of discussion on the aspects of economic sovereignty in a changing world. It is argued that, despite all the disputed points, sovereignty remains the pillar of modern politics. The main discussions on the issue of economic sovereignty revolve around the two key concepts, i.e., that of independence and control. For developing countries, independence means, first of all, regaining control over their own resources. Developed countries are preoccupied with the problem of controlling economic (and technological) processes and resources in the global arena. The concept of economic sovereignty is gaining weight both in research community and in practical politics. The big debate on the issue of economic sovereignty is still ahead.