The article provides an overview of India’s policy on energy transition. India is highly dependent on energy production from conventional energy sources, especially coal. The country is also dependent on imports of oil and gas. Thus, the government of India is highly concerned about ecological problems and issues of energy transition towards renewable sources. India expresses an explicit position on renewable sources on the world arena but the structure of energy sector, socio-economic and spatial factors do not fully reflect the desire to reduce the energy production from traditional sources. The key element of India’s policy is energy security which implies providing cheap energy to every citizen. The high dependence on imports and the comparatively low level of local manufacturing in the sphere of renewables prejudged the greater role of explicit factors affecting energy prices. Moreover, due to geographical imbalance many people of India are not connected to energy distribution network and the states are experiencing chronic shortage of energy. That is why the main dilemma is the transformation of the energy basket with special account on energy security issues, environmental protection, as well as ensuring economic growth. That is why the country is trying to develop both the system of traditional sources and promote utilization of renewables. The analysis showed that since 2018 India has made significant progress in reducing energy deficit and increasing the share of renewables. However, due to certain factors the constantly increasing share of renewable energy production will not affect the production and import of conventional sources in the mid-term perspective.