The article puts a problem of the national identity significance as a resource of the national community development in comparison with civilizational and civil identity. The necessity of rethinking the key features of the national identity is connected with growing risks and dangers provoked by uncontrolled development and vividly underlined by the modern crisis. The “return” of the state is analyzed in the context of the re-distribution of responsibility among the subjects of development. The author also rises the questions of the dialectics of national and civilizational identity and formation of political identity, of the sense of the Russian identity and of the problem of interpretation of the “national” in post-Soviet Russia.