The paper deals with the process of deindustrialisation in the Brazilian economy, namely, with the diminishing rate of manufacturing industry in GDP and employment. The author focuses on differences between deindustrialisation in the «old» industrially developed countries and one in the countries which are industrial late-comers, such as Brazil. In the latter, deindustrialisation begins at the lower level of economic development than it has begun in the old-industrialised countries. This deindustrialisation has not been accompanying by technological innovations and productivity growth. As the author argues, the recent Brazilian deindustrialisation is not only the effect of various external factors, such as competition with China and fluctuations of global commodity markets. Also, it is conditioned, to a big degree, by the uneven socioeconomic development. A big part of the economically active population in Brazil does not correspond to the contemporary advanced technologies but is interested in maintenance of the achieved consumption’s level. This circumstance makes up a base for conservative alliance of the upper and lower classes, and their conservatism is the main obstacle to the changes in direction to reindustrialisation. According to the author, the experience of Brazil demonstrates that required reindustrialisation in Russia cannot be the prompt and easy process.