The major part of the monograph is devoted to theoretical and methodological aspects of estimating competitiveness at the micro- and macroeconomic, i.e. global, country and company levels. The principal conclusion drawn by the authors is that Russia is lagging far behind the leading countries by every criterion of the reproduction process and the institutional environment. It is these criteria that determine a country’s competitiveness at the global scale. So far, Russia is only entering an intense competition for one of the leading positions in the open markets.