The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in the foreign trade sector of the Czech Republic during the last decade. The main priorities and key challenges within the framework of the new export strategy of the country were considered. Using the «case-study» method, the opportunities and prospects of the territorial diversification of the Czech export were demonstrated. The general dynamics of the foreign trade as well as changes of its territorial and sectoral structures are analyzed. The persistence of imbalances of the Czech foreign trade sector were revealed, including the prevailing of one or two key partner-country as well as narrow sectoral specialization. It is shown that changes in dynamics and balance improvement depend on external factors. The assessment of the future development of the sector was given, taking into account the existing foreign economic conditions and the development peculiarities of the Czech Republic and its strategic priorities.