The article analyzes the political crisis in Bolivia in connection with the October 2019 elections, when the President Evo Morales had to resign. A study includes various aspects of socio-economic and political situation, which led to the activation of opposition forces and the weakening of the position of the MAS party and its leader. The authors give a brief description of the party system of the country; analyze the changes in the social base of the Bolivian left, as well as the role of the army in the change of power. Particular attention is paid to the results of the 2016 constitutional referendum, and to the role of the OAS in the events. The article underlines that the position chosen by Morales toward this organization turned out to be politically unfounded. The authors disclose the role of national and foreign capital in the events and the US interests in changing the political leadership from the economic and foreign policy points of view. Special attention is paid to the availability of lithium, a strategically important raw material. Summarizing the characteristic features of the political crisis, the authors underline, that the events in the region no longer fit into the “swing” model and, despite the general trend of instability, each country has its own particularities.