The article considers the instruments of influence used by the leading states of the Middle East against the changing system of regional and global international relations. In the emerging multipolar world, more and more regional states are seeking to consolidate their influential positions. While some regional powers have enormous resources and influence, not all regional actors are ready to recognize their special role. The competition for leadership in the Arab world is intensifying against the background of active Saudi Arabia and the UAE’s foreign policies, promoting their own geopolitical initiatives. Turkey has significantly expanded its influence in the region. Iran, despite a number of setbacks, continues to play an important role. Israel is trying to maximize its security. There is a pronounced subregionalism in the Middle East. Inter-state rivalry both within and outside the subregions further complicates the emergence of a recognized authority. Different regional powers use different sets of tools to ensure their influence in the region or sub-region. In this study, the authors identify only some of the most effective means practiced by individual Middle East actors for this purpose. Thus, many regional centers of power are increasingly focusing on normalizing relations with their opponents. In those conflicts, where they are not directly involved, they take on a mediating role. A number of leading states continue to focus on military force and/or proxy support. Sub-regional states are increasingly opting for a more pragmatic course in order to strengthen their positions and move beyond the borders of their geopolitical space.